A Survey on Intelligent Poetry Generation: Languages, Features, Techniques, Reutilisation and Evaluation

Poetry generation is becoming popular among researchers of Natural Language Generation, Computational Creativity and, broadly, Artificial Intelligence. To produce text that may be regarded as poetry, computational systems are typically knowledge-intensive and deal with several levels of language. Interest on the topic resulted in the development of several poetry generators described in the literature, with different features covered or handled differently, by a broad range of alternative approaches, as well as different perspectives on evaluation, another challenging aspect due the underlying subjectivity. This paper surveys intelligent poetry generators around a set of relevant axis – target language, form and content features, applied techniques, reutilisation of material, and evaluation – and aims to organise work developed on this topic so far.